Preference Share and Convertible Note Essay

The issue to be considered here is if the legal form of a preference share or a convertible note is paramount or more important than all other things? I do believe this statement is not appropriate and the substance of a preference share or a convertible note is more important than the legal form. Body From the perspective of users, the disclosure in financial statements is the most vital approach to provide information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of the reporting entity. As the equity and the liability always lead to different effects to the reporting entity, so the disclosure of the equity and the liability could lead to users’ different decisions. Therefore, when classifying the equity and the liability, the reporting entity should adhere to the principle of substance over form in AASB Framework para. 35. Based on the above statement, some analysis of this case are as follow: 1. As shown in AASB 132 para. AG25, preference shares, which are redeemable on a specific date or at the option of the holder, should be classified as liabilities rather than equity, and the reason is that the issuer has an obligation to transfer assets to the holder of the preference shares; however, preference shares, which are redeemable at the option of the issuer, should be classified as equity rather than liabilities, since there has no obligations for the issuer to transfer assets to the shareholder. AASB 132 para. AG25 and AG26 also outline that, the classification for non- redeemable preference shares is based on the substance of the arrangement or the rights attach to the shares, rather than the legal form. 2. As shown in Framework, the convertible notes would be classified as equity if conversion to equity is the probable outcome, while the convertible notes would be classified as liabilities if redemption at maturity is the probable outcome. Or as shown in AASB 132 para. 29, convertible notes should be classified separately based on two components: liabilities, since convertible notes are contractual arrangements to deliver cash or another financial asset; and equity, since convertible notes are call options granting the holder the right, for a specified period of time, to convert it into a fixed number of ordinary shares of the entity. In addition, AASB 132 para. AG32 illustrate  that n conversion of a convertible instrument at maturity, the entity derecognizes the liability component and recognizes it as equity, and the original equity component remains as equity. Conclusion Base on the above analysis, I do believe that this statement in this is not appropriate. Since when classified a preference share or a convertible note, according to AASB Framework and AASB standards, the substance over form.

Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Essay

Out of the three that I chose, the program that I feel that would be the most valuable for the organization that was profiled in Appendix A is Block Grants for Community Mental Health Services. Program’s Objective: The objective of the block grants for community mental health services program is to provide territories and states with assistance financially in the making of their plans to provide mental health services to adults and children, as well as monitoring all progress and providing technical assistance. Eligibility: The States and U.S Territory Governments are eligible applicants and the recipients of States and U.S Territory Governments are the beneficiaries. Type of Assistance: This particular program is provided with Formula Grants Dollar Range and Average Amount of Assistance Awarded: The dollar range that is listed for this program is $50,000 to $53,096,425. The Average amount of assistance that is awarded is $6,761,619. How this program is utilized by the organization that is profiled in Appendix A: The organization in Appendix A’s needs are that they are able to provide psychiatric counseling services to the residents of El Paso County who are considered to be low income. I believe that the block grants for community mental health services program would benefit the state of Texas by providing funding so that this program can continue services and develop new innovative ideas and future plans to better its services. Since residents only need to pay an amount that is based on their income I believe that the cost would work well for them as well.

A Review of Cadburys Supply Chain

A Review of Cadbury’s Supply Chain: Literature Review: ‘Man of Dairy Milk and Money’. Elaine Watson Article Summary: * This article begins by highlighting how Cadbury’s have had their fair share of problems: * Salmonella outbreak in 2006 * Decision to close Somerdale factory and switch production to Poland. * Factory issues in Sheffield: river quite literally flowing through the factory. * But as the article highlights, the firm has a strong and strategically placed supply chain. Areas of Competitive Advantage: * Factory Network: They recently built a new factory in Poland.They have an established network with two other factories there, and a gum plant. * Cost effective Supply Chain: By strategically placing the factories in Poland they were able to achieved cost savings in two key areas: * Cheaper wages (despite the fact that they are increasing). * A reduction in labour by 15%, which resulted in boosting operating margins from 10% to the mid-teens. * Alig nment of Supply Chain: Cadbury’s treat the supply chain as a whole; â€Å"It is very easy to think in terms of manufacturing, logistics, sales, purchasing and so on. But their objective must all be aligned†.They ensure that work groups are formed compiling of resources from across the different functional teams. This ensures that every project/group is focused on achieving their main goal of customer satisfaction, and are able to consider this from every part of the manufacturing process. * Global Benchmarking: â€Å"We’ve got lots of key performance indicators in terms of quality, safety, service level, and the environment, but for manufacturing we use OEE†. Cadbury’s highlight the importance of waste management owing to the fact that raw materials have dramatically increased in prices over recent years (Cocoa for example has increased from ? ,000/t to ? 1,600/t. * Environmental responsibilities: Cadbury’s aim to reduce their carbon footpri nt by 50% by 2020. * Manufacturing Ownership: Manufacturing is a core competency for Cadbury’s. There are arguments in favour of keeping this in house in terms of economic and intellectual ones. Bournville is the core plant; here they have 1,000-1,200 staff as well as sophisticated machinery producing 100,000t of chocolate products a year. This factory further produces 1m creme eggs a day. * Outsourcing: Cadbury’s outsource two of their products: * Snaps: this involves unusual technology. * Green & Blacks.Literature Review: ‘Ethical Supply Chains – ‘The New Black’? ’ Lisa Brown. Article Summary: * This article highlights the importance of sustainable supply chain management, and likens the rate of take up to ‘The New Black’. Therefore this article is centered around how Cadbury’s manage a sustainable supply chain in order to gain a competitive advantage. * Cadbury’s are an example of a firm who have succes sfully implemented such ethical considerations into their supply chain. In 2009 they announced that the cocoa drinks and dairy milk chocolate would be fair-trade certified in British and Irish markets.This mark ensures that the farmers are paid a fair price, and that crops are farmed under sustainable conditions (putting a halt to child labour). * Advantages of Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM): * Changing consumer attitudes: The article paints a picture of a consumer who is no longer concerned by product quality and other tangible aspects, but rather is concerned with the integrity of supply chains (and will often spend more money on those products that appeal to their moral code). This view is personified through Brown’s comment that â€Å"†¦pressure to donate, volunteer, buy green†¦ by organic, recycle, reduce carbon emissions†.Brown further states, â€Å"Customers often feel a sense of intrinsic commitment and emotional attachment to the product s they purchase * The price of not acting sustainably: the article compares Cadbury’s success to a clothing retailer who has received criticism for their use of sweatshops in Asia. * Competitive Advantage: â€Å"Supply chains have become the new black, a trendy way of connecting with the consciousness of consumers (particularly generation Y) and achieving differentiation from those companies/products not willing or able to keep up†. * How is this hanging consumer attitude affecting the industry? * Competitive Advantage: Transparency of supply chains: in a society where publicly accessible information is just a click away and a good reputation is priceless, ensuring integrity of supply chains is on way to create a competitive advantage. * Product differentiation: Products are no longer differentiated by rudimentary characteristics such as colour and price. Values are a key part of the customer decision. * Declaration of interests: Companies must ensure that companies th ey are partnering with are also keeping within the guidelines. Ethics ahead of profits: Customers nowadays will pay more money for items that appeal to their moral consciousness. Thus, firms need to walk the walk rather than just talking the walk. Literature Review: ‘Reconfiguring Three Companies Under one Umbrella’. Alan Robinson. Article Summary: * This article identifies how the Cadbury’s supply chain ensures that network benefits are realized and capitals costs are reduced. In essence it portrays how Cadbury’s creates a competitive advantage through three of their products: Schweppes, Motts and Snapple. Competitive Advantages: Integrated Supply Chain: The three companies have an integrated supply chain, which provides the following benefits: * Continual realignment and readjustment of products means that they never duplicate efforts. * Owing to constant changes in product lines (with them acquiring other lines and products), they continually review the ir locations and distribution channels. They ensure that they are always maximizing efficiency (hence their move from Somerdale to join their other factories in Poland). * Synergies between brands: Brands work together.For example a group with a mature manufacturing knowledge, Motts, was paired with a new manufacturing company, Snapple. Mott’s ran the Snapple manufacturing activities. * Analytical Tools: They use advanced supply chain analytical tools such as VA-basis Insight and its SAILS. This is supply chain network modeling software (similar to those shown in the picture below). Source: Ernst & Young Power and utilities Network Modeling Overview. This provides them with the following benefits: * Ability to strategically set up plants and locations (network modeling). They are able to constantly reevaluate their market in order to reduce duplication and reduce carbon emissions (which saves costs and promotes their sustainable supply chain management image). * Ability t o analyse demand seasonality to ensure that their brans have the capacity to meet customer demand throughout the year (their products are highly seasonal – e. g. Cadbury’s creme eggs). * Mature stock and inventory level management systems gives an idea as to where they should invest additional capabilities. * Reduces capital costs Products are sold to market at varying stages in supply chain: * Motts and Snapple sell ready to go products that can be sold to the end customer. * Whilst Dr. pepper and Carbonated drinks just sell the ingredients. * Range of outlets: Cadbury’ sell their products in a range of outlets in order to meet their customer base. For example, Convenience stores, supermarkets and drug chains etc. * Variety of Production Methods: * Outsourcing: Cadbury’s Schweppes brand is outsourced to Hershey’s in America. * Franchise: Cadbury’s franchise Dr Pepper and 7Up.Those who buy the franchise get rights to the product, the concent ration and the packaging. * Use of distributors: Snapples Beverages use distributors to reach their market. Synthesis: The assimilation of each of the articles that I have researched demonstrate that Cadbury’s see their Supply Chain as being a key area in which they can create a competitive advantage. Their main advantages are achieved in the following areas: * Make-buy/Outsourcing Decision: Cadbury’s assess the market and their areas of strength to ensure that what they are producing satisfies the customers needs.This is both cost effective and logical in terms of fulfilling the customer requirements. * Factory/Distribution Outlets Networking: Intelligent network software is used to ensure the network that supports their supply chain is cost efficient and reduces duplication. This can be seen from their move to Poland, thus creating synergies. This also increased their operating margin. * Integrated Supply Chain: Owing to the number of product lines that Cadburyâ€⠄¢s own (often through M&S activities), the Cadbury’s supply chain is configured to enhance brand cooperation and coordination.This can be seen through a number of examples listed in the examples above: * E. g. 1. For example a group with a mature manufacturing knowledge, Motts, was paired with a new manufacturing company, Snapple. Mott’s ran the Snapple manufacturing activities. * E. g. 2. Different departments are bought together a matrix manner in order to ensure that projects and work takes into account the view of the whole manufacturing process. This ensures that their objective is always in the forefront of projects and is accounted for through all different functions views. Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM): They are able to differ from competitors in a number of ways. The benefits achieved through their morally appealing supply chain activities are: * Competitive Advantage * Product differentiation * Declaration of interests * Ethics ahead of prof its * Manufacturing Ownership: Manufacturing is a core competency for Cadbury’s. There are arguments in favour of keeping this in house in terms of economic and intellectual ones.Bournville is the core plant; here they have 1,000-1,200 staff as well as sophisticated machinery producing 100,000t of chocolate products a year. This factory further produces 1m creme eggs a day. * Global Benchmarking: â€Å"We’ve got lots of key performance indicators in terms of quality, safety, service level, and the environment, but for manufacturing we use OEE†. Cadbury’s highlight the importance of waste management owing to the fact that raw materials have dramatically increased in prices over recent years (Cocoa for example has increased from ? 1,000/t to ? 1,600/t.

Perform a highest and best use analysis on two properties Essay

Perform a highest and best use analysis on two properties - Essay Example The building is in urgent need of total maintenance. Keeping in mind the cost of buying a flat in this building and then contributing 1/6 of the total cost of renovation is high. But to make my flat financial feasible to the prospective buyer as well as lucrative enough for me to sell, I will have to invest money in its renovation. Then only can it be termed financially feasible from both the buyer and seller's point of view. There is no question of the supermarket not being financially feasible. Since it is a recent construction, there will hardly be any renovation required for a long time to come. This supermarket is economically doing fine so it is at its highest and best use. Legal conformity: Both the properties are legally fine. The only thing is that the residential building can legally never be converted into a commercial property as it is situated in an area meant for residential houses. Maximal productivity: Both the properties are maximally productive. The flat in which I live will guarantee highest net value to the developer because of the area in which it is situated. The supermarket is fit in all aspects and is unquestionably maximally productive. Physical possibility: Both the properties scored well in the physical possibility test. Keeping in mind the topography, shape, size and other attributes of the sites, any potential future use will not be a problem for both the sites. After

Database Systems Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Database Systems Concepts - Essay Example One more register, known as program counter register, consists of the address for the next instruction to be processed or executed. The stack pointer register is associated with an automated program stack that is located in the address space. Moreover, it can increase its size to the amount of memory available in the system. Generally, the stack point is triggered by the initial instructions of an application program. The stack representing the data structure increases downwards from high memory to low memory. The central processing unit consists of many types of registers. General Purpose Registers are utilized for complex arithmetic calculations. A typical 8086 CPU is associated with 8 general purpose registers which are as follows: AX - the accumulator register are separated into AH / AL. They produce shortest machine code and supports arithmetic logic and data transfer. One of the numbers must indicate AL or AX. They also support multiplication and division, inputs and outputs. à ¢â‚¬ËœBX’ the base address register is separated into ‘BH / BL’ and ‘CX’ count register is separated into ‘CH / CL’. The segmentation of iterative code is conducted by the loop instruction. Moreover, the REP command executes monotonous operations on a string. Furthermore, it helps the counts of bits to transfer and revolve.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœDX’ the data register is separated into ‘DH / DL’. ‘DX: AX’ concatenated into 32-bit register for some MUL and DIV operations. It specifies ports for enter and exit operations. The ‘SI’ source index register is utilized for indicating the data address. Likewise, it is used as a source in some instructions related to strings. The addresses containing offsets are relative to DS. The  Ã¢â‚¬ËœDI’ destination index register is utilized for data addressing indication. In some instructions related to strings, it is also used as destination. The addresses contai ning offsets are relative to ES. The’  BP’ base pointer register is primarily used for accessing parameters that are passed through the stack (8086 registers). The addresses containing offsets are relative to SS. The stack pointer register always indicates to the item available on the top of the stack. The addresses containing offsets are relative to SS. It also indicates to word and an empty stack may have ‘SP = FFFEh’ value. Special purpose Accessible Application registers are combined with eight 4-bit registers for holding the status of the previous instruction. Segment Registers are divided in two parts in typical ‘x86’ architecture, named as segment and an offset. Segment registers are utilized to store segment values. The ‘CS’ indicates the segment including the current program. ‘DS’ indicates at segment including variables are. ‘ES’ extra segment register indicates its usage. SS register indicate s the segment enclosing the stack. Special Kernel Mode Registers enables the execution of a user within the kernel space (8086 registers). The significant advantage of this procedure is valuable because it is an efficient mechanism for distribution of code and data. For instance, memory can contain only one copy of an editor or a compiler. Editor is a program that can be compared with the word processor. Although, the main purpose of the editor is to amend the source code. The source code is defined as â€Å"Every computer program is written in a programming language,

Qualitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Qualitative Research - Essay Example For example, a proponent could ask the respondent on the idea of whether a set price, placement or promotion for a new health and energy beverage might be effective or not. In-depth interview is somewhat advantageous because it seeks not only to get the opinion of the interviewee, but the interviewer’s understanding of the interviewee, even if the said qualitative tool is expensive and does not allow generalization to larger populations (Stacks, 2010). Another qualitative tool is the focus group. This is a qualitative tool that focuses on certain issue, which provides a great ability to come up with data that is focused on the chosen topic, but it could also substantially limit the responses of the respondents in order to ensure efficiency at some point (Hatch, 2010). Focus group as a qualitative tool can definitely help unravel ideas, concerning for instance the price, placement and promotion for a new health and energy beverage. Threaded discussion that may span for weeks might be a remarkable qualitative tool because it solicits feedbacks and critical ideas, but understanding its patterns is critical on the part of the target audience and the facilitator by which the failure to meet such requirement could lead to a failed discussion (Tomei, 2008). There is a great concern on how to separate the role of researcher and the respondent. In fact, this is one of the great ethical issues in qualitative research. The researchers may substantially instituted a bias on the subject at hand due to lack of objectivity, such as one observed in the quantitative research orientation. The second great ethical issue is on how the researchers might ensure respect for privacy of the chosen respondents. Considering that there might be inclusion of in-depth interviews that may broaden the topic, the researchers might end up asking questions that at some point might be able to violate

I wondered how a person can be developed to be a leader Essay

I wondered how a person can be developed to be a leader - Essay Example An effective leader knows what needs to be done to bring life back to the company, to deal with the company’s debt and financial burdens, to manage burgeoning and diverse groups of employees or to introduce more consumer-relevant products. The leader is the person who knows how to bring results. This is the reason that company leadership is the first variable that is changed when it hits rough patches. Conversely, the asset that is most appreciated and valued when the company is gaining speed. I understand that an innate set of leadership characteristics is essential in a person to be a good leader, combined with relevant education and training. I attained that education in business school right at the onset of my career and it has proved instrumental in my career progression and leadership capabilities. I have surmised that leadership is very contextual in nature and exists in many forms and manifestations. There are no didactic rules surrounding leadership; leadership is suc cessful when it is addressing change and bringing results. What is Leadership? While there are countless definitions of leadership in textbooks, the one I found most relevant was presented by Kotter, saying that leadership addresses change in organizations and prepares it for the ensuing struggle (2001). The world is in a state of constant change and dynamism, affected by a multitude of factors including newer technologies, economic shifts, globalization, social responsibility, the internet and scarce resources. As a result, today’s companies need people at the helm who are capable of dealing with change and deciding strategies that bring about change. The legendary Steve Jobs is commended as being one of the best leaders of our times because he steered Apple single-handedly not only towards profit, but made the company the most innovative company in the world which affected billions all over the globe. The idea crafted by Jobs, in retrospect, seems so simple: to enable the e veryday consumer to have simple yet artful gadgets for everyday entertainment. It was that vision of change, combined with Jobs’ management of Apple’s resources to steer it towards achievement of that vision that has allowed Apple to become what it is today. Thereupon, I take leadership as the force that not merely creates a vision for betterment, but also communicates it to all stakeholders, making it possible for that vision to be realized. The Leadership Role With the understanding that leadership exists to address change, I attempted to understand the exact role leadership plays in this process. Leadership is about refusing to limit one’s mind to ‘either this or that’ scenarios, says Martin (2007); the author explains that leaders do not simply consider two three options and select among them, but rather they create new, unheard-of solutions. Effective leaders are not afraid of complicated problems and nor do they develop strategies that fit som e pre-conceived mould. Instead, leaders strive to find a special solution that meets the unique business need. The innovativeness in leaders’ thinking is represented by creative solutions to problems that are a result of multidirectional factors and often opposing options (Martin). McShane and VonGlinow (2009) state that leaders use all the persuasion tactics at their disposal to motivate people to understand and implement their creative solutions. I learnt

Comparative methodological critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparative methodological critique - Essay Example apply the principles of scientific research and avoid proceeding to any initiative that will affect the study’s credibility, for instance the failure in appropriately citing the texts quoted from another study, the failure to inform the participants on the study’s scopes and its ethics – a fact that can lead even to the rejection of a particular study. This paper explores the various aspects of two studies that are based on different research methods: a qualitative and a quantitative one. As a sample of quantitative research, the study of Krishnan et al. (2005) under the title ‘A few good women – on top management teams’ has been chosen; the context of the qualitative research has been also examined through the study of Liff et al. (2001) under the title ‘Distorted views through the glass ceiling: the construction of women’s understandings of promotion and senior management positions’; it is proved that the two studies have been developed in the context of scientific research and therefore they’ve managed to meet their scope despite the delays caused because of failures in different phases of research in the context described below. Krishnan et al. (2005) have tried to examine the potential influence of gender diversity on organizational performance; a series of additional issues have been examined in the context of the study, like the level of gender diversity in modern organization, the environmental characteristics (which in this case refer to the demographic characteristics of the participants) and the role of women managers in changing the internal organizational environment. The reasons that Krishnan et al. (2005) chose the specific subject is the fact that gender has been proved in the literature to influence the performance of employees – as a result of the organization; the aspects of this problem need to be highlighted; despite the development of social and cultural values worldwide there are still factors, like the gender, that

How sports affect children in a positive way Research Paper - 1

How sports affect children in a positive way - Research Paper Example It could be defiant, stubborn, hyperactive, short tempered, rude, disrespectful, liar, demanding, violent, lazy, or coward. It is not necessary that a child has all these negative attributes, but what ever he has, it is his inheritance. This inheritance depends on many factors. The parent from whom he is born, the environment in which he is brought up, the education he receives, the family, economic, social and religious conditions in which he grows. All these are the factors that are built into a child’s psyche and character. Every child therefore is an individual of its kind. U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child in Article 29 states â€Å"the education of the child shall be directed to (a) the development of the childs personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential. (d) The preparation of the child for responsible life in a free society, in the spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance, equality of sexes, and friendship among all peoples, ethnic, national and religious groups and persons of indigenous origin;†[3] These clauses indirectly put responsibility on a State to promote sports for children because it is only through Sport that a child can have access and opportunity to understand, practice and build all these qualities. Any activity by a human being which requires physical exertion or skill and competition is usually identified as â€Å"sport†. It generates interest and enthusiasm in the person who does such activities. Even children with disabilities are encouraged to play sports. Sport is one thing that is not influenced by the character and individuality of a child. In fact, it is the children which are affected and influenced most by the sport. It is one of the most important things in recent times as Sports have changed in the children, their negative psyche in to the positive individuality. Many researches and studies have been conducted on the child

Soul Food vs. Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Soul Food vs. Fast Food Essay As Applebees would say, â€Å"There’s no place like the neighbor. † How would the world classify good food? Which one will result in the best answer, hamburger and fries or biscuit with gravy? Is hamburger and fries the best choice because a biscuit with gravy takes more time? There are a lot of reasons why people choose homemade food versus fast food. Both homemade food and soul food taste good, however homemade food offers a variety of history, emotions, and memories of different cultures. Different family meomories take a part of it when its soul food ,because there’s nothing like grandma’s cooking . The homemade food brings family members together. African Americans use the word soul food to describe homemade foods. Soul food normally provides the opportunity for families to come together and even though its a lot of drama when every one come to gether u always remember the food the most . The dinners at grandma’s house are always remembered by family members. The dinners usually consist of chicken, potato salad, beans, and biscuits. After the traditional dinners, someone will always serve the homemade desserts. The elders are normally appreciated because of their love, patience, and knowledge with soul food. This fact never fails, a person who knows about soul food will always return home for their culture’s food. Love can almost be tasted in soul food which comes through mostly in the actual preparation of the dishes. Soul food has a great affect that comes with a special touch, precious time, and extra ingredients. The cook puts so much love in preparing soul food for the family. In many cases, the cooks get delighted when the family eats the food. The cooks obtain a warm feeling especially when someone praises their work. In many cases, people will try their best to Cook soul food just like their mother and grandma, because they miss their soul food. Soul food makes a house feel like a home because the food represents love and comfort. Soul food has history because it passes traditions and customs of the past elders of the family. â€Å"How do you make homemade peach cobbler,† the elders will say, â€Å"Watch carefully and you can learn. † Being a country child growing up, and understanding the background of soul food makes one appreciate the food more. The cannery is where garden vegetables are canned and there are few canneries still around in today’s time. The opportunity of going to the cannery with grandparents is a memory to cherish along with picking fresh vegetables from the garden. This opportunity sets aside the time to learn that homemade cooking is a job before the pots start boiling. On the contrary, fast food restaurants are an excellent choice of convenience. For example at Burger King, a fast food restaurant,†you can have it your way. † The choices of fast food restaurants are a great thing to have in the world. Also, the restaurants are excellent when traveling and trying to satisfy the hunger pain quickly. When parents do not feel like cooking a home cooked meal, they can always go through the drive-thru. Fast food restaurants can be good for a quick date. Quickness is great, especially in today’s society. Applebees is a great place to get away from home for the night. Many people take pleasure in going to fancy restaurants by themselves, with a date? or to gather with friends and/or family. There are plenty of restaurants that are appropriate for every occasion and all ages. Restaurants leave the stomach satisfied but can be healthy and allow family time together. Why healthy? Restaurants include in their menu a variety of salads options grill or bake dishes, and even a weight watchers’ menu. The decision is always in one’s hands to decide between a health dishes or unhealthy dish. All food is delicious but, has downfalls. For instance, fast food does not represent any love but just quickness. There is no special touch, time spent, and extra ingredients. Fast food basically has a concern of reasonable prices or either having the fastest time in the drive –thru. A lot of employees are just in the restaurant to get a pay check rather than having a concern for the customers to have a good lunch or dinner or even breakfast. The restaurant is leaving out the family time because mostly the families are on the go all of the time. The time spent with preparing traditional food is appreciated, but, the tradition that people look for is quickness in fast food restaurant, which leads to obesity. The number one problem is obesity in fast foods. The reason for this issue is that parents go through the drive-thru and let the child order everything. Another reason is that parents are at work all of the time, and this generation is basically choosing from frozen food or fast food when living in this situation. Obesity comes from parents who do not have the time to prepare a loving home cooked meal, only because the parents’ lives are put before their child’s life now. This simply means the child will consume foods by these restaurants or frozen food. This is done on an everyday basis, such as, when the parents take care of their business first or think of something quick all of the time to feed the child. Fast food restaurants are shut down every day due to many reasons. Reasons include failing several health inspections, lack of cleanliness, and not enough cautions. The downfall of this is people do not pay attention to the environment of where their food is coming from. They are all always in a rush. Instead of considering how long it takes to prepare a meal, one should consider it an opportunity to spend more time with the family. People just put their trust in the Employee’s and is not concerned about the cleanliness of employees’ hands. Simply, people need to take the time to pay attention, because fast food is not prepared with so much or no caution. â€Å"Fast food versus soul food,† what could the choice be? Fast food will be the choice if one is on the way to work. Soul food is the ideal choice if one does not have anything on their agenda for the next hour. In this paper, fast food restaurant versus soul food is different and similar in many ways. Fast food is mainly quick and easy. Soul food takes time, yet, it is filled with passion, love, and care. Fast food versus soul food is everybody’s decision every day, just think about the reason why the choice is made, not about the taste of every meal.

English Literature Essays The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

English Literature Essays The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby has become such a classic of American fiction that its literary merits easily obscure those qualities that also made it a favorite among readers. While critics have been quick to dismiss its thin plot and shallow characters as less important than Fitzgeralds brilliant depiction of the Jazz Age and his indictment of its shabby values, most readers take a different view. They praise the book because its plot is thin and its characters are shallow. These readers believe that this is precisely Fitzgeralds point, that the age itself could do no better than to produce shallow people living superficial lives. Academic critics speculated about the probable causes of this phenomenon, attributing it to the disillusionment brought on by World War I and the extreme measures taken to escape it. The aftermath of the war had brought, â€Å"a state of nervous stimulation†¦the generation which had been adolescent during the confusion of the War had now produced†¦ a whole r ace going hedonistic, deciding on pleasure†¦wherefore eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die.† Readers saw a culture wallowing in hedonism, high on jazz and bathtub gin, and living life as if it were one long party and there was no tomorrow. More importantly, they saw the heroic and sympathetic figure of Nick Carraway, the outside observer, whose function it was to observe and report on the American Dream within Fitzgerald’s novel. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgeralds Nick Carraway becomes the outside observer that readers come to identify with. Nick has the sort of blessed innocence and shining ambition associated with heroes. There is a freshness about him, a basic goodness that appeals to that part of human nature that envies or craves or is irresistibly attracted to innocence. Beyond that, however, is the fact that, in the tradition of the hero, Nick goes forth into the world to encounter corruption and disillusionment and has to come to terms with this in reality. It is through Nick that we see the American Dream, as epitomized by Jay Gatsby, come crumbling down under the amoral pursuit of wealth. We, also, get a glimpse of the roles of class in distinguishing between the wealthy East and West Egg socialites, as well as, the stark contrast between two wealthy but different men, Jay Gatsby and Tom Buchanan. The following paragraphs will attempt to examine and analyze these issues more carefully as seen through the eyes of Nick Carraway. It is Nicks idealization of Jay Gatsby and his dreams that endear him to the minds of the readers. Gatsby on his own is not an easy character for readers to sympathize with without the special insight of the young and sympathetic Nick. If Nick can see the good in Gatsby, then the reader can dismiss the corrupt side as Gatsbys victimization by the system and dwell on the charming side, that side made all the more intriguing by the mystery surrounding this handsome, rich, and devastatingly detached personality. As Nick says of Gatsby, â€Å"His dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city.† Perhaps the best way to grasp the perspective of the American Dream in the twenties is to imagine Gatsby standing alone in the second-story bedroom of his gorgeous mansion in West Egg, looking out at the pool and the tent and the lavish party going on, at his expense, beneath his window; listening to the jazz band playing, seeing the shadows of the flappers against the sides of the tent, quietly watchingaloof, detached, amused, and powerful. This illumination of what the American Dream had become was seen by many as the new idealism that, â€Å"Prosperity in the twenties had come to mean a rate of advance rather than an actual state of affairs†¦more and more Americans were inclined to explain their society in terms of productivity, profits and stock quotes.† Not Gatsby, however. In recounting Gatsby’s dream, Nick remembers vividly coming home and seeing Gatsby standing in front of his mansion, looking intently at East Egg across the bay. His American Dream extended just across the bay and always seemingly beyond his reach, wrapped up in the beautiful idea of Daisy Buchanan. Daisy Buchanan was Nicks cousin, a lovely, exciting, but shallow young woman who once had an affair with Gatsby before the war. While Gatsby was away in the war, she married Tom Buchanan. He was a handsome, wealthy man, but cruel and insensitive. Gatsby wanted Daisy back and thought that his wealth, accumulated through shady transactions, would make Daisy admire him, but he overestimated her and underestimated himself. Unfortunately for Gatsby, the American Dream was only possible through materialism as the Roaring Twenties saw, â€Å"Americans easily assumed that spiritual satisfaction would automatically accompany material success.† Gatsby made the mistake of thinking this way, as well. He felt that by accumulating worldly possessions he could win Daisy back and give her the life she had dreamed of. At one point, Gatsby goes so far as to show her all his valuable belongings, throwing shirts into the air, â€Å"shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in coral and apple gr een and lavender and faint orange.† Daisy, crying at this point to indicate the materialistic values that had consumed America, exclaims, â€Å"It makes me sad because I‘ve never seen-such beautiful shirts before.† This remarkable scene represents the whole embodiment of what the twenties era had become. It was characterized as an age of excess, overindulgence, consumerism, materialism, and individualism. It was Gatsby’s dream of Daisy Buchanan that would eventually lead him from poverty to riches and finally to his death as his amoral pursuit of wealth would give rise to the shattering of his American Dream. In one sense Gatsby is the manifestation of a new prosperous society. His mysterious past and opportunistic illusions of a dream work to his favor in the new era of prosperity and abundance. Daisy is Gatsbys one dream, and the reason he bought his house and gives his parties is to get her back. Gatsby becomes overly obsessed with Daisy as symbolic of his aspirations and dreams. This points to how unrealistic in his expectations he had become as he begins to live in a sort of fantasy world. Fitzgerald emphasizes this well when he states, â€Å"There must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams- not through her own fault but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion. It had gone beyond her, beyond everything.† He persuades Nick to bring him and Daisy together again, but he is unable to win her away from Tom. Nick can see this, but he is powerless to stop the chain of events that, for all their melodrama, seem necessary to act out the d enouement of shallow lives lived recklessly, of shallow dreams shattered pointlessly. Nick tries to convince Gatsby that his dreams are unrealistic because the past cannot be repeated, but Gatsby’s reply of, â€Å"Can’t repeat the past? Why of course you can,† serves to illustrate the illusion of a dream Gatsby is trying desperately to hold on to. In the end, however, it all comes crumbling down as Daisy, driving Gatsbys car, runs over and kills Toms mistress, Myrtle, unaware of her identity. Myrtles husband traces the car back to Gatsby and shoots him, who has remained silent in order to protect Daisy. Gatsbys friends and associates have all deserted him becoming symbolic of the superficial lives of the times and the desertion of a dream, as only Gatsbys father and one former guest attend the funeral with Nick to see an American Dream laid to rest. Everything that has happened seems surreal to Nick and almost pointless as he recalls, â€Å"everything that happened has a dim hazy cast over it.† Fitzgerald points out through Nick that whether Gatsby had died or not his dreams still would have been murdered, nonetheless. Though Gatsby took the time to reinvent himself and acquire enough money (though illegally) to be considered wealthy, he would still never have been accepted into the inner circles of the East Eggers and the Buchanans. What Fitzgerald has done in his book is to add the idea of class to the idea of materialism and the American Dream. He divided these into distinct groups- old money, new money, and the poor. Paul Fussell, in his book on social classes reports that, â€Å"Economically there are only two classes, the rich and the poor, but socially there is a whole hierarchy of classes.† Fitzgerald edifies this by making basically the rich and poor classes, as well, with the only distinction being socially between the wealthy and how they accumulated their money. This distinction would set apart the â€Å"old money† of East Egg luxury and the  "new money† of the West Eggers who had recently acquired their riches through the prosperity of the times. The kind of class that Fitzgerald attributes to Nick Carraway and his family is neither of these. Fitzgerald suggests that Nick descends from the great American cultural component that had its origin in its ideal of a comfortable, cultivated, stable existence, drawing sustenance, generation after generation, from a family business, and living out its generations in the same spacious but unostentatious house. Midwestern idealism then is the hard solid moral core of America, and it produces a Nick Carraway, whose virtues are tolerance and honesty. These are precisely the two virtues that Fitzgerald needs in his hero: the tolerance to become involved with Tom, Daisy, and Gatsby, all of whom he mistrusts in varying degrees but the honesty never to be deceived by them and, more importantly, never to be corrupted by them. Opposed to this specific virtuous Middle West is a rather indefinite degenerate East, although it is particularized in the one small section in which most of the novel takes place: West Egg and East Egg, New York City, and the axis-the valley of ashes, Wilsons garage, and the great staring signboard eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg that connects them all. Both Eggs represent corruption, but it is a corruption of different orders, connected with inherited wealth on the one hand and with occupation on the other. East Egg is the home of inherited wealth, whose deeply tainted characters Fitzgerald manages to suggest in Tom and Daisy Buchanan. It is in this community that Tom, as if by instinct, settled, and when asked by Nick if he intends to stay in the East, he replies, in his best bit of self-analysis in the book, â€Å"Id be a God damned fool to live anywhere else. West Egg is populated by nouveau riche, all of whom have acquired their gains in shady or marginal activities: politicians, moving picture people, fight promoters, gamblers, and bootleggers. Farther reaches of Long Island, beyond the Eggs, are briefly suggested in the same manner. According to Nick, the Easterner inherits his money, while the Westerner works for his, but the West Eggers earn their money by gambling or bootlegging. If the essence of Nick Carraway, the essence of the East is summed up in the respective characters of those two expatriates, Tom and Daisy, who between them in his intolerance and her dishonesty. In Daisy further is embodied the beauty of the East, Tom the power, and in their union a vast irresponsibility that smashes the dream of Gatsby and finally murders the dreamer himself. Tom Buchanan then is power and intolerance, Daisy beauty and dishonesty. His financial power is mountainous, and his physique corresponds: you could see a great pack of muscle shifting when his shoulder moved under his coat. It was a body capable of enormom leverage a cruel body. But this power, financial and physical, does not extend to his mind, whose powerful limitations are compensated for by a thick-skulled inflexibility. For while a libertine in action, he is in opinion a prig, faintly nourished by the thinnest pap that twentieth-century knowledge has produced, popular scientific explanations. This powerful stupidity has as its soul mate the beauty and dishonesty of Daisy. Both these characteristics of the feminine side of the equation are repeated, reemphasized, and exaggerated But money for Gatsby is a kind of metaphysical mystery as well, and certainly it is a synonym for beauty. It was the mysterious beauty of Daisy and her life that cast the original spell. Jay Gatsby may be a bootlegger and a fraud, but he is only defrauding a system that is a bigger fraud, a system that advocates a farce like prohibition, that adores glittering surfaces, that cares only for the trappings of success and not for how the gains were got. But in the American tradition of trying to have your cake and eat it too, cult readers get to envy Gatsby while respecting Nick. Nick has his head on straight; Nick learns from what he sees; Nick acquires wisdom from his experiences and thus tells us a cautionary tale. Ah, but for one brief, shining moment, Gatsby illuminates the sky, and if his death is all a silly mistake, its sordidness is redeemed by his nobility. He dies, after all, for love, but it is a love that is unrequited. The success behind Jay Gatsby according him was Rise from bed. . . . Study electricity. . . . Work. . . . Practice elocution, poise and how to attain it. . . . Study needed inventions. West vs east Bibliography F. Scott Fitzgerald, the Great Gatsby. Publisher: Scribner (1995) Jack Clayton directed movie, The Great Gatsby. (1974) John Braeman, Change and Continuity in Twentieth Century America: The 1920S. Ohio State University Press (1968). Harold Bloom, Gatsby. Publisher: Chelsea House Publishers. Place of Publication: New York. (1991). Loren Baritz, The Good Life: The Meaning of Success for the American Middle Class. Perennial Library (1989).

Human Resource Managers Of Coca Cola Company

Human Resource Managers Of Coca Cola Company There are many large or small enterprises from all developed or developing countries which are already or are in the process of going global and being international. There are lots of things that are helping to an international business in this time such as being international travel much easier and quicker. Global communication has became easier and increased the quality of life. Likewise transfer of new technology around the world making global business and employment easier which is leading to migration of large number of labours market around the world. Among which Coca Cola Company is also one of the largest multinational company. Its headquarter is in America and has number of regional office almost all around the world. They have got large number of staff all around the world. In context of coca cola company, they are applying the procedure and different models of international human resource development. The role of international human resource managers is significantly high in such kinds of organization. As we know that, this is a growing MNE. The things that brought forward the trend of globalization are ; international market that have need, expectation and wants, difference in the cost of production of goods and employee costs among different countries, law and order with government policies on tax and import and export of goods and its limitations along with the activities of competitors. HR managers have to be capable of understanding and responding all these kinds of trends so, that they can gain an idea to differentiate between domestic-based HR management and international human resource management. According to Schuler and colleagues they have define international human resource management on the both part of strategic and international of multinational enterprises such as Coca Cola Company. They are trying to expand the congested function of HR to border function for expatriation. Strategic IHRM is human resource management issues, functions and policies and practices that result from the strategic activities of multinational enterprises and that impact on the international concerns and goals of those enterprises (Schuler, 1993). In my opinion, the responsibility of international Human Resource Managers can be discussed in two ways. One way is that a multinational company have to recruit an employee to send abroad for some specific task and for some time period. But in another context like in UK, there is multi domestic company where many international employee are working together which is the result of globalization. So, HR managers have to address both duty. A company like coca cola which is a MNE, they have to send their employee on international assignments. Human resource managers are getting problem in many ways for such cases, sometimes with disastrous results. There may be many reason for that but one may be the reason that HR managers send their staffs on abroad jobs without providing efficient pre-training or providing some period for the transitional stage. In this time, they can provide some kinds of guidance and essential management skills and tackling tactics in various scenarios by human resource managers along with HR and companys international policies. The human resource managers of coca cola company are now a days, equipping an employee with specific reference and essential skills to be successful on international jobs. They are following the standard procedure as well as realistic one. HR managers are taking special consideration while they are performing selection, giving training and managing performance. For example, now coca cola company, while they are appointing an employee as a sales managers or representative to India, they prefer to choose Indian employee or an employee who knows better Indian culture because, he can better perform in his familiar environment rather than any other new one. He can adapt easily in that environment which is a beneficial part for Coca Cola Company. If they appoint any other new person who is unknown of that culture, this will directly affect the performance of an employee and also he need more training and required more knowledge which will be costly for HR managers. Therefore, the role of human resource managers is very important while they are selecting an employee for an organization who needs to work in different cultural environment. There should be a valid reason for selecting a candidate for that job not just appointing haphazardly. HR managers have to set a bit different procedure to select an employee who is working in domestic cultural environment and in international cultural environment. HR managers have to look for all specific key skills within the candidate and find the correct one. Somehow this may looks like an very difficult to find a ideal candidate who has desire to go abroad with his abilities. According to a 2002 study,expatriates wanted their human resource departments to above all eliminate unnecessary uncertainty and ambiguity (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin and Cardy, 2004: 321). Providing a relevant training is the most effective ways to get good productivity from an employee. For an employee who is going abroad, HR managers have to provide pre-departure training like local culture, values and attitudes. When an employee have to go for abroad, their family member also need a cross cultural training as a plus point. Before arriving an expatriate in host country it is beneficial if he gets some kinds of orientation and training programs. In case of coca cola, they have potential competitor like Pepsi cola and other cold drinks multinational company so it is important to encourage an employee who has got knowledge and skills in order to retain these people. The knowledge gain by an employee from abroad is very precious rather than gain within home country because they have got a chance to work in a different environment and they have been tackled through different situations. International human resource managers have found that employee relations vary significantly from country to country and that the strategies used to motivate workers in one country are sometimes useless in another country(Katz Elsea, 1997). Coca cola company is a western company and this company has also tend to think like many other westerners do as contract in extremely legal, scientific terms, and when it is signed both parties are bounded by its conditions and policies. That once it is signed all parties will simply abide by its terms. But there is different culture in other countries like in china they wants to grow a good relation with the management after the contract and after when they start to know each other. Hence, HR managers need to consider openness, originality and flexibility not just only learning prior to enter in a countries as a MNE which have different culture. Coca cola company is a large MNE and they have invested large amount of resource in there employee for some specific project. This is very important to manage the performance of employees in overseas situation by taking regular feedback and assess them properly. Such kind of things can be helpful to minimize the threat of future expensive mistake, like paying for unsuccessful employees recruiting and training expanses. In case of employee payment it is obvious that there is different, depending on the specific country they are assigning for. This is a duty or responsibility of HR managers that to state the policies and terms and conditions in noticeable manner about remuneration among similar position in other countries. Above we have discussed in the prospective of a coca cola company in the global context and recruitment selection and performance management for their employee. This is all about the IME when they have to assigning the expertise to overseas. As we said there is the increasing role of international human resource managers to make or to prepare for the change of culture and help them to adjust in the change environment. Motivating and managing performance of abroad employee by providing proper reward system and providing proper allowances is also the main job of human resource managers. Besides that, International recruitment from overseas countries for employment in the home market is also the other major role for international human resource managers. They are also responsible for managing diversity, helping them in adjusting in new cultural environment, proper management of their performance and providing benefits from company. In this time of globalization labour market has became smaller so, people are moving from one country to another countries for employment process. For a company situated in a home country, they have also recruited an employee from different cultural diversity. Employees from diversified culture provide some kind of advantages and disadvantages in an organization. Therefore, there could arises conflict among the employees within own company, even with mangers also. If, HR managers look at the advantage side, they have the advantage of diversity for the company. They can innovate the idea of cutting of the costs, productivity and the increases new ideas for the forces of work; the development of the quality of the managing procedure; the capacity of employees to use points of view, styles for leading and different landing in the process of taking decisions and in cultivation of the new ideas. Employee can analyse and work within themselves when they have got problem at work.

Intercultural Communication Essay -- Papers Communicating Culture Essa

Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication is commonly explained as an interaction between people of 'different cultures whether defined in terms of racial, ethnic or socioeconomic differences.' Human communication consists of verbal and nonverbal messages (language and gestures) which are shaped by gender, social class or culture. Thus, what perimeters define the intercultural exchange and what primary messages do we need or try to convey? Our communication process or the way we attribute symbolic meanings to words and gestures, in order to express ourselves is shaped by the society in which we evolve. This shared use of codes within a given group of persons, also leads to a common philosophy of life, ideas or morals. Therefore, culture to a certain extent, shapes our thoughts in different fashions in spite of the fact that we have common biological or emotional needs and therefore, common responses to certain stimuli. In addition, various societies are now stratified in classes inside which, groups create and develop other codes. Each subgroup sustains its values and tradition through language and rites creating multicultural interactions. Hence, the human communication process cannot be held for homogenous, even inside the same society because factors like race, gender or social class will slightly modify this pattern. Last summer, I spent one month in Quito, Ecuador and one week on the island Anaconda in the Amazonian Forest. This was my first experience in Latin America and I have been able to see two very different part of the Ecuadorian culture. In Quito, people speak Spanish, live in the capital and are from mixed descent (Spanish- Indian) while Anaconda?s population is mainly Indian, speaks ... ...terlocutor?s, we will express ourselves differently. The fact that a common structure, for example college, is shared with someone helps to erase communication obstacles. Furthermore, criteria like manners are also defined according to classes and this shared meaning of codes often transcends cultural differences. However, words and the meaning they stand for are intrinsic to a language and this is always subjective. In spite of the arbitrary definition of a word in a given language, human feelings remain the common denominator of most exchanges. This is the basis on which messages can be exchanged and understood between people from different cultures, gender or race. In addition, tangible things or situations are easier to discuss with someone from a completely different culture. The message we convey become basic in this case, and generally express first needs.

Teenage Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

Teenage Women, Abortion and Law Abortion has always been a very controversial issue. This can be due to the fact that people have different beliefs that are emphasized by their own religion and set of moral values. Many people believe that abortion is wrong, but they believe that is it only wrong under certain circumstances. This could be true, but is it more right to kill for a specific reason than to just do it because you made an irresponsible decision? Because of the wide spectrum of religion and various moral beliefs, there will never be a right or wrong answer to abortion. Fact: Each year, one million American teenagers become pregnant, and 85% of these pregnancies are unintended. Four in every five Americans begin having intercourse before age 20. Many of the youngest women in this group (60% of those age 15 or under) report having had sex forced on them. By the time they turn 20, about 40% of American women have been pregnant at least once. Many of these young women have little understanding of their bodies and have begun having sexual intercourse before knowing about ways to prevent pregnancy. Because teens in other developed countries receive more education about sexuality and have more access to contraception and family planning services, they have much lower rates of pregnancy and abortion. For example, in the Netherlands, where teenage sexual activity is about the same as in the U.S., pregnancy rates are only one-ninth those of the United States. Fact: Of teenage women who become pregnant, about 35% choose to have an abortion rather than bear a child. Next slide Teenagers with unplanned pregnancies face difficult choices. If a teen gives birth and keeps the baby, she will be much more likely than other young women to: „X drop out of school; „X receive inadequate prenatal care; „X rely on public assistance to raise her child; „X develop health problems; „X have her marriage end in divorce. Children born to teenage mothers are more likely than children of older mothers to suffer significant disadvantages: medical, psychological, economic, and educational. New slide Many states have enacted, or are considering, laws that restrict teenagers' access to abortion by requiring parental involvement in the abortion decision. Such laws include: „X Parental notification laws that require medical personnel to notify a minor's parent(s) of her i... ...el forced to have a baby against her wishes; her parents may turn their backs on her or force her out of their home; or she might run away from home to face her pregnancy alone. Some teens may resort to a secret, unsafe, illegal or self-induced abortion if her way to a confidential, legal abortion is blocked. Any additional state laws restricting abortion (such as mandatory waiting periods between abortion counseling and abortion procedures) are doubly burdensome for teenage women who have fewer resources, less privacy, and less ability to meet all the requirements. All such restrictions to a woman's access to safe and legal abortion rob her of her ability to take control of her life. Fact: Laws restricting teen access to abortion. Laws in 46 states and the District of Columbia allow mothers who are under 18 to place their children for adoption without involving their parents, but many of those same states require parental notification or consent before these young women can obtain abortions. This sets up a standard that clearly favors one resolution over another, restricts the reproductive choices of young women, and forces some to bear children that they do not want to bear. Teenage Abortion Essay -- essays research papers Teenage Women, Abortion and Law Abortion has always been a very controversial issue. This can be due to the fact that people have different beliefs that are emphasized by their own religion and set of moral values. Many people believe that abortion is wrong, but they believe that is it only wrong under certain circumstances. This could be true, but is it more right to kill for a specific reason than to just do it because you made an irresponsible decision? Because of the wide spectrum of religion and various moral beliefs, there will never be a right or wrong answer to abortion. Fact: Each year, one million American teenagers become pregnant, and 85% of these pregnancies are unintended. Four in every five Americans begin having intercourse before age 20. Many of the youngest women in this group (60% of those age 15 or under) report having had sex forced on them. By the time they turn 20, about 40% of American women have been pregnant at least once. Many of these young women have little understanding of their bodies and have begun having sexual intercourse before knowing about ways to prevent pregnancy. Because teens in other developed countries receive more education about sexuality and have more access to contraception and family planning services, they have much lower rates of pregnancy and abortion. For example, in the Netherlands, where teenage sexual activity is about the same as in the U.S., pregnancy rates are only one-ninth those of the United States. Fact: Of teenage women who become pregnant, about 35% choose to have an abortion rather than bear a child. Next slide Teenagers with unplanned pregnancies face difficult choices. If a teen gives birth and keeps the baby, she will be much more likely than other young women to: „X drop out of school; „X receive inadequate prenatal care; „X rely on public assistance to raise her child; „X develop health problems; „X have her marriage end in divorce. Children born to teenage mothers are more likely than children of older mothers to suffer significant disadvantages: medical, psychological, economic, and educational. New slide Many states have enacted, or are considering, laws that restrict teenagers' access to abortion by requiring parental involvement in the abortion decision. Such laws include: „X Parental notification laws that require medical personnel to notify a minor's parent(s) of her i... ...el forced to have a baby against her wishes; her parents may turn their backs on her or force her out of their home; or she might run away from home to face her pregnancy alone. Some teens may resort to a secret, unsafe, illegal or self-induced abortion if her way to a confidential, legal abortion is blocked. Any additional state laws restricting abortion (such as mandatory waiting periods between abortion counseling and abortion procedures) are doubly burdensome for teenage women who have fewer resources, less privacy, and less ability to meet all the requirements. All such restrictions to a woman's access to safe and legal abortion rob her of her ability to take control of her life. Fact: Laws restricting teen access to abortion. Laws in 46 states and the District of Columbia allow mothers who are under 18 to place their children for adoption without involving their parents, but many of those same states require parental notification or consent before these young women can obtain abortions. This sets up a standard that clearly favors one resolution over another, restricts the reproductive choices of young women, and forces some to bear children that they do not want to bear.

Lion king

The Lion King was first made in 1994 directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff. The original Disney cartoon of a lion cub blamed for his father's death has been remade into a Broadway musical acclaimed all over the world. The Lion King is a musical based on the 1994 Disney animated film of the same name with music by Elton John. Directed by Julie Taymor, the musical features actors in animal costumes as well as giant, hollow puppets. The show is produced by Disney Theatrical.The director works closely with the performers in the theatre, guiding them in sharping their performance. The director also works closely with the playwright, and is responsible, as well, for coordinating other aspects of the production. When Julie Taymor the director was faced with a problem of whether to create humans or animals playing the part and she decided to make masks that show the animal face, as well as, show the human face giving the character his or her personality.The costumes have a value of their own, adding color, shape, texture, and symbolism to overall effect. Other element such as; make up, hairstyles, mask and personal items like bracelets and necklaces and also very important. As for expressing other animals that are not part of the main cast or to express a certain theme, 2 different kinds of puppetry were used to express an African theme. Masks are considered â€Å"functional works of art† and play a social purpose in Africa.They are used in storytelling and ceremonies and are made to be worn over the head rather than cover the face. This technique is also used in The Lion King so that the human facial expression is not lost and to support the beadwork, corsets and armor used to show the human qualities of a lion. The costumes on the other hand are made of silk cloth to hide the human form, break the shoulder line and to enhance the powerful Joints and thighs. Lion king The Lion King was first made in 1994 directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff. The original Disney cartoon of a lion cub blamed for his father's death has been remade into a Broadway musical acclaimed all over the world. The Lion King is a musical based on the 1994 Disney animated film of the same name with music by Elton John. Directed by Julie Taymor, the musical features actors in animal costumes as well as giant, hollow puppets. The show is produced by Disney Theatrical.The director works closely with the performers in the theatre, guiding them in sharping their performance. The director also works closely with the playwright, and is responsible, as well, for coordinating other aspects of the production. When Julie Taymor the director was faced with a problem of whether to create humans or animals playing the part and she decided to make masks that show the animal face, as well as, show the human face giving the character his or her personality.The costumes have a value of their own, adding color, shape, texture, and symbolism to overall effect. Other element such as; make up, hairstyles, mask and personal items like bracelets and necklaces and also very important. As for expressing other animals that are not part of the main cast or to express a certain theme, 2 different kinds of puppetry were used to express an African theme. Masks are considered â€Å"functional works of art† and play a social purpose in Africa.They are used in storytelling and ceremonies and are made to be worn over the head rather than cover the face. This technique is also used in The Lion King so that the human facial expression is not lost and to support the beadwork, corsets and armor used to show the human qualities of a lion. The costumes on the other hand are made of silk cloth to hide the human form, break the shoulder line and to enhance the powerful Joints and thighs.

Woman as the Other and as the Other Woman

Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986), French existentialist, writer, and social essayist, passed on just over two decades ago. Putting it this way makes her ideas so much more alive. She did not just write about how she lived. She wrote, and she lived what she wrote about: she refused to be the Other, but she was also, in a manner of putting it, the Other Woman.Simone’s Life and Love(s) in Philosophy Simone de Beauvoir is now noted and appreciated as a philosopher. She was not always considered a philosopher however, but a writer, and has only been given the distinction of being a noted philosopher in more recent years.Her works became considered â€Å"philosophical† only after her death. Beauvoir was born in France in 1908. She belonged to a bourgeoisie family, and had one sister. As a teenager, she declared herself an atheist, and devoted her life to feminism and writing (Marvin, 2000). Apparently, her parent’s disposition and stature were a major influence on her. H er father was extremely interested in pursuing a career in theater, but because of his societal position (and with a noble lineage), he became a lawyer (which was expected), and hated it. Her mother, on the other hand, was a strict Catholic.Some authors have noted that Simone struggled between her mother’s religious morals and her father’s more pagan inclinations, and this purportedly led to her atheism and shaped her philosophical work. As a child, Simone was religious and had a relationship with God. She wrote in early work about her thankfulness that heaven had given her the immediately family that she had, but this feeling (at least the religious aspects of it) dissipated as she aged (Flaherty, 2008). When she was around 15, Simone de Beauvoir decided she would be a famous writer.She did well in many subjects, but was especially attracted to philosophy, which she went on to study at the University of Paris. There she met many other young creative geniuses, includin g Jean-Paul Sartre, who became her best friend and life-long companion. The group of friends that she spent her time with was considered a â€Å"bad† group, a circle of rebels. Such perceptions did not matter however for Simone and Sartre whose fondness for each other only grew over the years. Their works were frequently linked as they read and critiqued each other’s writings, and she was sort of considered as his ‘student’ — the Other.However, she was not just the Other, she was a significant Other, as it were. Their relationship became intimate and Sartre even proposed to her. She however declined the proposal because she felt that marriage was such a constricting institution and that they should, instead, be free to love â€Å"others† (Flaherty, 2008). After graduating from the university, Simone lived with her grandmother and taught at a lycee, or high school. She taught philosophy at several schools throughout her life, which allowed her to live comfortably. She spent her free time going to cafes, writing, and giving talks.In Berlin, she spent time with Sartre and they got linked with two female students, the sisters Olga and Wanda Kosakiewicz. Sartre initially pursued Olga but later had an affair with Wanda. Note that he and Simone had agreed that they would be free to love others. During this time, Simone got very sick and spent some time in a sanitarium. By the time she left the sanitarium, Olga was married, and Wanda and Sartre were no longer lovers (Flaherty, 2008). This phase in her life, one could perhaps say, highlighted her journey as the Other Woman. Simone traveled around the world later in her life, lecturing.She came to the United States in the 1940s and met another man, Algren. He proposed to her, but she opted to stay with Sartre instead. Also during her travels, Simone participated, with Sartre, in the 1967 â€Å"Bertrand Russell Tribunal of War Crimes in Vietnam. † There she met several note d leaders, including Khrushchev and Castro; however, unlike Sartre, she did not particularly enjoy being in the public spotlight. (Gascoigne, 2002) In 1981, when Sartre died, Simone wrote a memoir about him. After this, she continued to take drugs and drink alcohol, which contributed to her mental decay.She and Sartre had always taken drugs and alcohol. Simone frequently became drunk throughout her life. She died in 1986, and was buried beside Sartre’s remains (Gascoigne, 2002). Beauvoir’s Views: My Reflections Beauvoir strictly considered herself a writer, not a philosopher. Others did not see her as a philosopher because, in what may today be described as sexism, she was a woman and thus inferior in some ways. Moreover, she was also seen as merely a student of Sartre and not as a philosopher in her own right. On top of it all, she was a woman who wrote about women.It must be pointed out that this field of study was not truly accepted in the academe until very recentl y; hence, Beauvoir’s work was not accepted as being philosophical during her time. She was indeed heavily overshadowed by Sartre, especially because some of her work reflects his (Bergoffen, 2004). Beauvoir’s philosophical ideas focused on how truths in life were revealed in literature. She wrote several essays, including â€Å"Literature and the Metaphysical Essay† (1946) and â€Å"Mon Experience d’Ecrivain,† which translates to ‘My Experience as a Writer’ (1956).Her works include both fiction and non-fiction, all in regards to studying literature in reaction to human relationships and thoughts (Bergoffen, 2004). Truly life is mirrored by literature, but literature is also a part of life, and life can be shaped by literary work. In the life and works of this trailblazing feminist writer-philosopher, one can see the reality of literature as a potent force not only of self-expression but also of life changing. Feminism was of primary im portance to Beauvoir, and she is considered to be one of the pioneers of the movement.In fact, Beauvoir is best known for her feminist work, â€Å"The Second Sex,† now a classic of feminist literature (Eiermann). In this work, she looks at the role of women in society, and the advantages and disadvantages that she, herself, faced. It was initially not thought of as a philosophical work because it dealt with sex, which, during the Victorian era, was not a subject openly discussed. In reality, the book closely examines patriarchal society and its impact on women, and calls for women to take action against these oppressions.It fired up women of later generations to fight for political, social, and personal change. The book remains debated to this day because of the way it addresses the issues, but it is still considered a major early book on feminism (Bergoffen, 2004). Here she put an exclamation point on her observations of Woman in society being seen and treated merely as the Other. Beauvoir is also known for an earlier work, Force of Circumstance. â€Å"Within this piece she discussed vital issues of the day-confusion and rage regarding human freedoms and the French/Algerian War† (Flaherty, 2008).Human freedom was a big issue that was crucial in Beauvoir’s work. She was particularly concerned that people needed to be free. This is reflected in the way she lived her own life, and in the way she lectured others. She walked her talk, and was for some time describable perhaps (albeit from a rather sexist perspective) as being the Other Woman, with no rancor, in Sarte’s life. She Came to Stay (1943) is another work that deals with freedom. This is a novel that deals with â€Å"reflections on our relationship to time, to each other, to ourselves† (Bergoffen, 2004).The work doesn’t fit a traditional philosophical framework, where questions are brought to a close and fully answered. Instead it only explores questions by lookin g at the lives and interactions of the main characters. In this novel, a murder is committed because of a character’s desire for freedom, and the novel examines if the murder was just or not, among other issues surrounding the situation. This work is frequently considered her first true philosophical work (Bergoffen, 2004). How many times have this student been asked this question in real life by friends and particular circumstances: freedom or life?There is something profoundly unsettling in the questions that Beauvoir’s works raises. In She Came to Stay, purportedly a fictionalized chronicle of Beauvoir and Sartre's relationship with the sisters Olga and Wanda, we are treated to an exploration of complex personal relationships. Olga was one of her students in the Rouen secondary school where she taught during the early 30s. In the novel, Olga and Wanda are made into one character with whom fictionalized versions of Beauvoir and Sartre have intimate relationships.The novel delves into Beauvoir and Sartre's complex relationship. She wrote about her life, and she lived her writings. With what she wrote, she pursued her questioning, her philosophizing. Pyrrhus and Cineas (1944) is Beauvoir’s first philosophical essay and a major turning point in her life as a writer. This essay looks at questions like â€Å"What are the criteria of ethical action? † â€Å"How can I distinguish ethical from unethical political projects? † â€Å"What are the principles of ethical relationships? † â€Å"Can violence ever be justified?† The essay looks at the moral, political, and other implications of these questions, and further explores the notion of freedom, relationships, and violence. Simone was not sure if violence was truly justified, but concludes that it is ‘neither evil nor avoidable. ’ The questions are not truly resolved in this work, much like in her previous work (Bergoffen, 2004). Then there is Ethics of A mbiguity (1947), which further looks at ethical questions regarding freedom, and the difference between childhood and adulthood.According to Beauvoir, children ‘live in mystery,’ and they should. However, she posits that children should also be forced to be adults and there could be violations of freedom involved in this. This work expands on the idea of freedom from the previous work, and looks at new dimensions of it (Bergoffen, 2004). Two themes seem to appear most prominently in the work of Beauvoir: Freedom and Feminism. The Feminine is made an agent of freedom and is problematized so in the work of Beauvoir. Today, many still turn to her work for we can see the realities that her work reflects.We still find Woman as the Other — in some societies with her multiple burdens given her second-class status. Even in the supposedly modern nation that is the U. S. we find gender an unsettling concern in electoral politics. More broadly, freedom remains a problematic ideal in the globalizing world. Many states (e. g. , North Korea, China, Cuba, the young Republics in Eastern Europe) remain unstable at their core having had to grapple with forces of change and freedom from within and from outside their societies and territories.At another level, the world is not lacking with individuals and groups with their various advocacies aimed at expanding the limits of freedom in civil society. Today the woman question has become the bigger concern that is Gender. This student now more fully realizes that gender is a social-psychological thing while sex is a biological or physical matter. The Woman is more than her body after is all. To be Woman is a choice, is a matter of freedom. The definition of gender lies not in the body. Gender is the realization of what you think and feel you are, and what you prefer as a lifestyle, to put it broadly.

Brand Life cycle- Nescafe

Nescafà © is a brand of instant coffee made by Nestlà ©. It comes in many different product forms. The name is a portmanteau of the words â€Å"Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬ . Nestlà ©'s flagship powdered coffee product was introduced in Switzerland on April 1, 1938. a brand introduced by the Nestlà © company, can be traced back to the 1930s.FIRST STAGE – LAUNCH OF THE BRAND.Nescafe launched under the umbrella brand of Nestle. It offers its buyers premium roasted coffee. The strategy that Nescafe took was to offer a different and better taste of coffee at an affordable price. It was first launched in India in Delhi. Initially it targeted the housewives and office goers. Therefore they first studied he most effective places to promote it in. Then came the various mediums through which they will promote it. Nescafe right from the launch has come up with various TVCs. Television advertising is the most effective way to maintain the brand awareness and reaching a mass audience at one time. By creating advertisements it was able to reach its potential and target audience. Whether housewives or working professionals – all have access to a television. It had been portrayed as a drink to start your day with and getting rid of tiredness, fatigue, sleepiness and providing a superior and different taste.The brand had a niche look and feel to it, yet priced reasonably. Nescafe also targeted Offices and big enterprises; where they exclusively put vending machines. This not only increased the consumption of coffee but also helped in the promotion of their brand. And people were so impressed by the taste that they would also purchase it for home so in turn their sales increased. We have also seen such vending machines in Malls and cafeterias. This way more and more people were able to taste the brand and in turn it created brand awareness. It also spread brand awareness through print media, lot of newspaper and magazine advertisements. A very im portant aspect for the growth of the brand was its parent brand- Nestle. By the time Nescafe launched in India Nestle has a strong brand image amongst the audience and  shared a relationship of trust and heritage.Therefore more and more people opted for the brand. As a product strategy they always promoted the fact that they are giving its customers the best selection of coffee and 100% pure; that in turn became its USP. They also launched various types to cater to the different coffee lovers- mild, rich, and espresso, instant and so on. This way they had captured the market. As for the pricing of the brand they kept it reasonable- not very low or very high. They knew that Indians are very economical and look for the best deals. Therefore providing superior taste at an affordable price will attract many. Nescafe also created small campaigns that would intrigue its customers- these campaigns were seen on television and even through print media.These campaigns worked towards creatin g a stronger brand image. As though to make Nescafe synonymous to coffee. One of their most popular campaigns being the Nescafe â€Å"Red Mug†. Even today we all can associate Nescafe with its signature red mug. What more they even gave out these mugs as freebies with coffee bottles.Similarly they provided â€Å"shakers† for making cold coffee and etc. For the new flavours of coffee, sample sachets were distributed. In the beginning any company needs to spend a substantial amount of money and time in strengthening their brand image amongst the masses and creating maximum brand awareness whether it’s through pricing or promotion. Nescafe has used all possible mediums in doing so and today it has emerged as the Market leader.SECOND STAGE- MATURITYFor a brand maturity is that stage when the people are fully aware of the existence of the brand. With this comes in its competitor brands. For Nescafe thankfully there hasn’t been much competition in the Indian ma rket except for Bru. Bru is under HUL and entered the market shortly after Nescafe. It also claimed to offer high quality coffee. Bru’s USP was that was India’s largest coffee brand. Bru targeted almost all sectors of audience, even the younger generation. It’s ads and promotion was more customer centric. It talked more about bonds and emotions therefore captured a lot of attention. At such a stage Nescafe had to remind its customers of its presence. Nescafe as a brand has already created awareness therefore what they did was tried to connect with it’s audience.There was no need o  promote the product anymore as people were already aware of it and liked it. So what they did was got create campaigns where people could relate with the brand. Nescafe indulged into below the line promotion like celebrity endorsements and sponsorships. In their recent ads they have got popular actors endorsing the brand and promoting the fact that they too drink a cup of Nes cafe everyday whether in between work or over a conversation. One of their lastest campaigns being â€Å"to know your neighbours†.This campaign doesn’t really talk about the goodness of Nescafe or coffee. It concentrates more on bonding, relationships and how coffee can be a conversation starter. They had actors like Deepika Padukone endorse it therefore this also fulfilled their aim at targeting the younger generation as well. They have also entered into social marketing with such campaigns- through facebook, twitter and of course it’s own website. Nescafe as also opened cafeterias and coffee lounges therefore giving its customers a complete coffee experience. They have also cleverly targeted the places in which these cafes will be opened. Places which are in close proximity to colleges, offices and malls will attract maximum number of customers. Strategies like these were used just to keep the brand alive and sustainable in the minds of its customers.THIRD STA GE- DECLINING STAGENescafe has still not reached a declining. It is still the market leader and has a strong presence in the minds of its customers. If at all it ever reaches a declining stage it must recover by the following methods- When a brand reaches a declining stage it means that it has lost out to other competitor brand on the basis of quality ,taste, variety, promotion etc. So first stage is to identify the cause and then work upon it. If its quality or taste they must improve upon it and relaunch it to let its customers know that the new product is better,tastier,richer and so on. It can launch a variety of new products- this will excite the customers and they will have something new to look for to.Tying up with other brands- Maybe Nescafe can tie up with other brands under Nestle and promote itself with it. Maybe by giving it’s customers attractive offers. Bundling the two products and selling it. Buyers are always economical and looking for the  best deals. So m aybe the company can give discounts and other sttractive offers like buy one get one, 20% more†¦.etc. Make fresh TVCs and emphasise on brand heritage since its an old brand.

Pride of Baghdad

Saddam Hussein: The Power is down Pride of Baghdad, drawn by Brian K. Vaughan and Niko Henrichon, tells a story of group of lions escaping from the zoo after the U. S. army starts invading Baghdad. In order to show how cruel consequences that the war brings, the authors try to portray humans by drawing the lions, the bear, and other animals. Due to its gorgeous drawing style and its concise dialogues, the novel only has 100 pages but contains various meanings.In 2003, the Iraq war was triggered because of Hussein's violent suppression on the people, who have their own political views, but also his possession of the large amount of illegal weapons. The novel not only presents the consequence of dictatorship, but also satirizes the interference of U. S. army because the public opinion says that the reason of U. S. involving the war is impure since no evidence has been found to prove that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction. The main purpose of U. S. army invading is the oil resources in Iraq; however, by coincidence, Hussein is on the reign, which causes the U.S. ’s excuse to invade. In this book, the authors stand at Bagdad’s civilians’ point of view to tell the story until they get shot by the U. S. army. More specifically, a fighting scene between the lions and the bear is not interpreted as the surface meaning but is created because the authors want to embody that even though the civilians overthrown the power of Hussein, the U. S. army is the one who eventually takes over their government power and causes the war. The lions and the bear both represent the civilians and Saddam Hussein.Towards almost the end of the story, referring to a specific page, a bear who shows up trying to block the lions’ way to freedom says â€Å"Don’t get up†(where the page’s background is the huge bear standing up with Noor and Safa looking up). The authors purposely creates a giant black bear when the story almost reaches the end t o show the power that Hussein holds during the his presidency. By looking at the expression on the bear’s face, readers can clearly see the anger through its bloody eyes and sharp teeth with opening mouth.The shrewdest part of this graphic novel is its drawing style, using animals to portray humans. Throughout the idea of visual images, when readers first look at the bear, a sense of fear is emitted from its giant black body; however, the lions, comparing the size with the bear, are much weaker. The authors apply not only the visualized details, but also the literal ones in every single character. For instance, the names of the bear and the lions who is prisoned, Fajer and Rashid are both originated from Arabic language, which is also the official language in Iraq.Fajer means wicked and Rashid means rightly guided, which are opposite to each other; however, the justice can’t beat down the evil since Fajer already kills Rashid. According to the previous page, the author s purposely use special-effects lettering, a method of drawing attention to text of highlighting the words, on some of the words while the bear is speaking, â€Å"PET†, â€Å"HIS†, â€Å"FAJER†, and â€Å"MAN†(the page where the bear first shows up with only its eyes and mouth).The â€Å"PET† represents the weakness of the justice under Hussein’s dictatorship, and oppositely, the â€Å"MAN of the house† implies the formidable power that Hussein holds. In addition, in order to describe the difference between good and evil, the authors use graphic weight to focus on the drawing of colors between the bear and lions, which are black and white.Even thought this particular page only contains one panel, it really embodies the representations between the civilians who are under suppressed and Saddam Hussein. Nonetheless, as the story reaches the end, the lions successfully kill the bear, but the U. S. army shot all of the lions. The authors a re trying to indicate the idea of how the civilians play the most important role during the war. Millions of lives are lost because of the war, and most of them are innocent civilians.

Strategic Management in Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management in Aviation - Essay Example To understand these issues, we will have to first look at a comprehensive safety measures in the aviation industry, while the focus and strategies that have been used to build a True lean and Six Sigma. They will include; planning enterprise and value streaming and mapping (involves building of a road map for development), carrying out of high impact lean six sigma, checking on reflections of the best practices that work against lean enterprise roadmap, and standardizing of sustainable process development and deployment. In today’s aviation industry, the environment is well regulated. The industry players are required to comply with an enormous number of regulations and standards, thus making it a complex industry to deal with (Frenkel, 2009). It is through this proposal that we can simply the process of the players in the industry to comply with the regulations. This will therefore help them to be effective when it comes to complying with regulators and external auditors mana ging the aviation industry (Frenkel, 2009). To the organizations that want to maintain compliance and improving the safety of the aviation industry, this proposal will be of great help. There is a need for organizations to reduce the risk of non-compliance while improving the safety outcomes. Safety measures need to be easy to implement, use and exceptionally flexible. In this paper, there will be extensive research on how developed safety systems can be of help to the industry. The aviation industry is the pillar of any nation economy. The main reason been that it is the entry point and exit point of a nation; both to its citizens and commercial goods (Frenkel, 2009). It is through ensuring the safety of their economical goods that the economy of a nation will be able to grow. The following are some of the things that the proposal will be covering to ensure that safety measures are implemented in this industry. They include risk management and assurance, promotion and government policies (Frenkel, 2009). In the end of this proposal, it can be used as a tool for formal process and structures that can control the daily risks associated with the aviation mission. Air travel remains to be one of the most complex and multi-faceted means that tackles s huge amount of packages, freight, and mails carried all cargo aircraft and aboard passenger. Addition ally, the air cargo system is volatile to various security threats, which include potential ways such as placing explosives aboard airplane; shipment of illegal and hazardous substance; criminal undertaking such as theft and smuggling; potential sabotage and hijackings by people who can access the aircraft. Various technological and procedural initiatives to combat air cargo security and limit criminals and terrorists are under consideration or they have been put in place. After the September 11th attacks, airport security is more advanced. All goods and individuals are required to go through special scanners that help is determining if individuals are concealing any weapons. The procedural initiative involve industry wide consideration and implementation of the â€Å" known shipper† program; addition of cargo inspection; more thorough physical security of facilities of air cargo; increased air cargo oversight operations; advanced security training for cargo handling staff; a nd more strict control over air cargo operation spheres and access to